CFD典型高层住宅外保温材料火灾特性及防火策略研究.docVIP

CFD典型高层住宅外保温材料火灾特性及防火策略研究 摘要：随着当今全社会大力提倡低碳经济和节能环保，外墙保温作为节能减排的一项既有效又十分重要的措施，逐渐被越来越多的新兴建设项目所大量采用。近年来由外墙保温材料引起的高层建筑火灾更是频繁发生，使得高层建筑室外火灾已经俨然成为当下防火安全工程研究的热点议题。本研究采用CFD火灾模拟软件FDS针对一幢高层住宅建筑进行外保温材料火灾特性模拟分析，研究了不同外墙外保温材料的火灾燃烧性能，以及有无空腔和防火隔离带设置情况下的热释放速率、一氧化碳体积分数、温度及能见度的变化情况。研究结果表明，应尽可能避免空腔、防火隔离带的存在十分必要，外墙外保温材料需谨慎选择，本文的研究成果对未来高层节能建筑的防火设计施工具有一定的借鉴意义。5261 关键词：建筑外保温材料；高层建筑防火；空腔；防火隔离带；FDS； Research on fire spread characteristics and fire protection strategies of typical insulation layers of high-rise buildings Abstract: With the strongly encouraged low carbon economics and energy saving in social, insulation layers are regarded as an efficient and important measure to save energy, and regularly used in new construct projects. In recent years, fires of high-rise buildings caused by insulating layers happens frequently, which make the outdoor fire of high-rise buildings become a focus of fire safety engineering nowadays.CFD fire simulation software FDS is used to analysis the fire characteristics of insulation layers on a high-rise building, study the fire burning performance on different insulation layers of high-rise buildings, the heat release rate, the carbon monoxide concentration, temperature, and visibility changes no matter whether there is a cavity and a fire belt. Studies have shown that, the cavity should be avoided, and the fire belt is really necessary and insulation layers should be carefully selected. Results of this research have some reference significance on the fire protection and construction of the high energy-saving buildings in the future. 4数值仿真模拟及分析10 4.1 数值仿真模型的建立10 4.1.1 网格划分10 4.1.2 案例模型10 4.1.3 外保温材料与外墙表面有无空腔的设计11 4.1.4 防火隔离带的设计12 4.2 数值仿真模型的结果分析及比较12 4.2.1 有无空腔对火灾蔓延的影响12 4.2.2 防火隔离带对火灾蔓延的影响20 4.2.3 不同外保温材料燃烧特性模拟分析27 5典型高层住宅外保温材料防策略30 5.1 保温材料对外墙外保温系统防火能力的影响30 5.1.1 在设计、施工过程中严格按照防火规范进行选材30 5.1.2 在建筑结构或构件上采取防火分隔措施30 5.1.3 不同耐火等级的保温材料，在使用建筑类型上应加以区别31 5.1.4 建立外墙保温防火技术标准，根据不同耐火等级作出应用范围的规定31 5.2 通过改变建筑外表面构造技术提高外墙外保温系统防火能力31 5.2.1 通过在外覆盖保护层提高系统防火能力31 5.2.2