词义的扩大和缩小.pptVIP

Expansion of meaning It is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized . 4 types 1. Special to general Manuscript (original) Handwriting( writing by hand only) (present) Any author’s writing whether written by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor. Salary (original) a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt. (present) fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to employees. 2.Specific to abstract Ordeal Legal trial by a physical test A severe or trying experience Stomach To be able to digest An appetite for food 3. Technical terms to general words Syndrome a medical condition that is characterized by a particular group of signs and symptoms an undesirable condition that is characterized by a particular type of activity or behavior 4. Proper noun to common noun Utopia a book written by Sir Thomas More (1516) describing the perfect society on an imaginary island an imaginary place considered to be perfect or ideal Narrowing of meaning It is a process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrow or specialized sense. 5 types Originally, they mean: garage-?safe places poison-? drink hospital-? places for rest and entertainment Both extension and narrowing of meaning are talking about the changes in conceptual(概念上的) meaning. Next we will talk about the changes in associative(联想的)meaning. Thank you and welcome my partner! * *