第十课 Tort Law课件.pptVIP

Lesson Ten ;Punishment is justice for the unjust. Augustine British writer　 惩罚是对正义 的伸张。英国作家 奥古斯丁;Background ;Tort law;Federal Tort claims Act;Tort ;Part 1: Introduction ;Many circumstances;A permanent disability of loss of a limb;American law permits;A tort action 侵权诉讼;;;2.Tort law and the law of contracts overlap;3.Everyone is liable for his tort act , 每个人都要对其侵权行为负责， in limited form also children （however, parents only when they acted as the child’s agent or did not comply with their duty to supervise）, 在有限的情况下儿童亦然（但是，父母仅当其作为该儿童的代理人或未能按照其监护义务行事时才负此责）， but not the state unless express statutory provision has abolished state immunity . 但国家不在此列，除非法律明文规定取消了国家的豁免权。;The FTCA permits recovery of money damages because of a negligent or wrongful act or omission by the Federal Government or an employee of the Federal Government while the employee was acting within his/her scope of employment or office.;4. Everyone is protected against tortious act, including the embryo. 每个人包括胎儿都受保护，免遭侵权行为的伤害。 The heirs or next of kin may have a damage claim for the intentional or negligent death of their relative or testator (wrongful death action ) 继承人或近亲属可以对他们亲属或立遗嘱人因故意或疏忽侵权造成的死亡（非正常死亡之诉）提出损害赔偿要求。;“dram- shop acts” 小酒店法令;“dram- shop acts”;Part 2: Intentional Torts故意侵权行为;Part 3: Liability for Negligence 过失侵权的责任;A person is negligent;要考虑到;Duty of care;Guest statutes 宾客法规;;No claim for compensation不能要求赔偿;Contributory negligence 共同过失;Comparative negligence 比较过失;Comparative negligence;Comparative negligence;The doctrine of last clear chance;Last clear chance 最后明显机会;The extraordinarily complex law of negligence;Part 4: Tort law reform ;For instance;Strict liability;product liability;“defective”;b. “No-fault”;Professors Robert Keeton and Jeffrey OConnell;No-fault;Liability will be limited for the manufacturer, 制造商的责任有限 Require a relatively lesser insurance premium to cover the risk 只要就风险承担比较少的保险费;The injured person will be in a better position 受伤害的人处于比较有利的位置， He will be entitled to recei