讲义AFLP, SSR and RELP.pptVIP

Topic 1 Molecular markers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 AFLP fingerprints of 11 modern cultivars of barley大麦 AFLP marker maps of Chromosomes 1 and 2 of barley Obvious clustering of EcoRI/MseI markers Disadvantages of AFLP Anonymous Dominant Not always transportable across species Limited use as ‘standard references’ (like RFLPs) Equilibration (100-500 ng) of DNA with sufficient suitable quality Expensive Mse enzyme Multi-steps (expensive disposables) Topic 1 Molecular markers * molecular markers is  a group of techniques,  which enable us to study  chromosomes and DNA Morphological markers 形态学标记 Isozyme markers 同工酶标记 Topic 1 Molecular markers chromosome 1 2 3 4 5 M = marker, G = gene genome of a plant M3 M1 Gp Gp M8 G2 G1 M4 M5 M2 G5 M7 Gp M9 G4 M6 G3 G6 G7 Topic 1 Molecular markers Molecular marker is a piece of DNA, which is located at a certain location at a chromosome is different for different plants/varieties/genotypes can be linked to a gene/inside a gene gene marker Topic 1 Molecular markers Molecular marker is piece of DNA with polymorphism 多态型 e.g. variation in the DNA at that location this variation has to be made visible different techniques Topic 1 Molecular markers A polymorphism means a difference in A, C, T or G in different plants/genotypes/varieties. polymorphism follows Mendelian laws； polymorphism is made visible: plant is for this marker a or b or sometimes ab Topic 1 Molecular markers Sources of polymorphism “Evolutionary” modification Deletions缺失 Insertions插入 Duplications重复 Inversions倒位 Other rearrangements Topic 1 Molecular markers Kinds of markers: RFLP = restriction fragment length polymorphism RAPD = Random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR = Polymerase chain reaction STS = Sequence tagged sites CAPS = Charact