英语学术论文总体讲座.pptVIP

标题的结构 学术文章的标题主要有三种结构：名词性词组(包括动名词)，介词词组，名词词组+介词词组。偶尔也用一个疑问句作标题(多用在人文社会科学领域)，但一般不用陈述句或动词词组作标题。 下面这写论文标题是否合适？ Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music (合适) Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans 改为 :Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land 改为: Using Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land Contents of abstract Background (optional) Purpose of the study Overview of methods of the study Overview of main findings/results Conclusion, implication or significance (optional) Contents of Introduction Establish and Narrow the topic 建立/缩小主题 Literature review 研究评价（发展过程趋势） Establish the gap 指出空白 Purpose of your research 研究目的 Value of your research 研究价值 Outline 文章结构 discussion 讨论 是论文中最有创造性见解、最严格的部分 对实验、调查和观察结果进行理论分析和综合 回答： “为什么出现这样的结果” “出现这样的结果意味着什么” conclusion 结论的一般写法： 本研究结果说明了什么问题，得出了什么规律性的东西，解决了什么理论或实际问题； 对前人有关本问题的看法作了哪些检验，哪些与本研究结果一致，哪些不一致，作者做了哪些修正、补充、发展或否定； 本研究的不足之处或遗留问题。 重申研究的目的和基本假设 研究结果以及结果的含义 更广义的研究价值 进一步的工作 Ways to use sources Summarizing Paraphrasing Quoting The original passage: Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. A legitimate paraphrase: In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47). An acceptable summary: Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47). A plagiarized version: Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of t