英语国家文化与社会文化入门Unit3.pptVIP

The State of Israe 1.The location of Israel 2.The development of The State of Israel 草必枯干，花必凋残，惟有我们神的话，必永远立定 --- ---先知以赛亚 我今日呼天唤地向你们作见证：你们必在过约旦河得为业的地上，速速灭尽！你们不能在那地上长久，必尽行除灭。耶和华必使你们分散在万民中，在他所领你们到的万国里，你们剩下的人数稀少。 耶和华必使你败在仇敌面前，你从一条路去攻击他们，必从七条路逃跑。你必在天下万国中抛来抛去。” “你在耶和华领你到的各国中，要令人惊骇、笑谈、讥诮。”“耶和华必使你们分散在万民中，从地这边到地那边，你必在那里事奉你和你列祖素不认识木头石头的神。在那些国中，你必不得安逸，也不得落脚之地；耶和华却使你在那里心中跳动，眼目失明，精神消耗。你的性命必悬悬无定，你昼夜恐惧，自料性命难保。你因心里所恐惧的，眼中所看见的，早晨必说，巴不得到晚上才好；晚上必说，巴不得到早晨才好。”（申命记4：26-27；28：25，37，64-67） 2. Reestablishment of the religion During the Babylonian Captivity, Jews prayed for the arrival of a Messiah to guide them out of the oppression by alien people, and to rebuild their homeland. As the unique master of the universe, Jehovah was expected to bless the country. A prophet called Ezekiel first spread these ideas among the imprisoned Jews and confirmed later when they returned to Jerusalem. Ruled by priesthood and aristocracy at that time, people believed that no god but Jehovah could be believed in and only those pious disciples of Jehovah could enjoy complete rights in the divine polity. 在逾越节的晚餐，必须吃以下的食物： 1.烤羊骨（zeroa）纪念在逾越节被杀的羔羊。2.蛋（beca）纪念他们带去献祭被杀的祭牲、纪念圣殿被毁。3.charoset是碎泥状物，由苹果、干果、肉桂、红酒和姜制成。也可以用枣子、干果和苹果。纪念他们的先祖在埃及制造砖瓦。4.苦菜（maror）按照各地传统使用苣荬菜、小红萝卜、黑萝卜、辣根等合并色拉菜，纪念他们的先祖在埃及吃苦，精神和肉体受压迫，他们先祖的孩子也被杀死。5.karpas是一种伞形花序的植物（如欧芹、芹菜），纪念在埃及当年先祖用以把羊血涂在门楣上的牛膝草。6.盐水纪念在埃及为奴的先祖所留的眼泪和汗水。7.无酵饼（macot）三块无酵饼象征亚伯拉罕、艾萨克、雅各布三位族长。 Text Study _II_1.4 Text Study Main Ideas Jewish Literature Stage Typical Writers Works The Early Literature (200 BC – AD 100) classical, historical and Talmud literatures History of Jewish Wars, Jewish Records of Ancient Affairs, Talmud Medieval Literature (100 – 18th century) religious, rabbinic writing, poetry writing The Book of the Righteous, Antiquities by Josephus, the creation of Comparative Linguistics by Judah