The Adolescent Brain and Age-Related Behavioral Manifestations：（青少年的大脑和与年龄相关的行为表现）.pdfVIP

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The Adolescent Brain and Age-Related Behavioral Manifestations：（青少年的大脑和与年龄相关的行为表现）.pdf

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The Adolescent Brain and Age-Related Behavioral Manifestations：（青少年的大脑和与年龄相关的行为表现）

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS PERGAMON Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 24 (2000) 417–463 /locate/neubiorev The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations * L.P. Spear Department of Psychology and Center for Developmental Psychobiology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA Received 11 May 1999; received in revised form 27 January 2000; accepted 2 February 2000 Abstract To successfully negotiate the developmental transition between youth and adulthood, adolescents must maneuver this often stressful period while acquiring skills necessary for independence. Certain behavioral features, including age-related increases in social behavior and risk-taking/novelty-seeking, are common among adolescents of diverse mammalian species and may aid in this process. Reduced positive incentive values from stimuli may lead adolescents to pursue new appetitive reinforcers through drug use and other risk-taking behaviors, with their relative insensitivity to drugs supporting comparatively greater per occasion use. Pubertal increases in gonadal hormones are a hallmark of adolescence, although there is little evidence for a simple association of these hormones with