The Anatomy of the Grid - Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations：（网格的解剖学,支持可扩展的虚拟组织）.pdfVIP

The Anatomy of the Grid Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations * Ian Foster •¶ Carl Kesselman § Steven Tuecke • {foster, tuecke}@, carl@ Abstract “Grid” computing has emerged as an important new field, distinguished from conventional distributed computing by its focus on large-scale resource sharing, innovative applications, and, in some cases, high-performance orientation. In this article, we define this new field. First, we review the “Grid problem,” which we define as flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resources—what we refer to as virtual organizations. In such settings, we encounter unique authentication, authorization, resource access, resource discovery, and other challenges. It is this class of problem that is addressed by Grid technologies. Next, we present an extensible and open Grid architecture, in which protocols, services, application programming interfaces, and software development kits are categorized according to their roles in enabling resource sharing. We describe requirements that we believe any such mechanisms must satisfy and we discuss the importance of defining a compact set of intergrid protocols to enable interoperability among different Grid systems. Finally, we discuss how Grid technologies relate to other contemporary technologies, including enterprise integration, application service provider, storage service provider, and peer-to-peer computing. We maintain that Grid concepts and technologies complement and have much to contribute to these other approaches. 1 Introduction The term “the Grid” was coined in the mid1990s to denote a proposed distributed computing infrastructure for advanced science and engineering [34]. Considerable progress has since been made on the construction of such an infrastructur