Statistical Methods for Detecting Molecular Adaptation：（统计方法检测分子适应）.pdfVIP

REVIEWS Statistical methods for detecting molecular adaptation Ziheng Yang and Joseph P. Bielawski t has been proved remark- The past few years have seen the and weaknesses , so that they can ably difficult to get com- development of powerful statistical be used to detect more cases of ‘Ipelling evidence for changes methods for detecting adaptive molecular molecular adaptation. in enzymes brought about by evolution. These methods compare selection, not to speak of adaptive synonymous and nonsynonymous Measuring selection using the changes’1. substitution rates in protein-coding genes, nonsynonymous/synonymous and regard a nonsynonymous rate (d /d ) rate ratio N S Although Darwin’s theory of elevated above the synonymous rate as Traditionally, synonymous and evolution by natural selection is evidence for darwinian selection. nonsynonymous substitution generally accepted by biologists Numerous cases of molecular adaptation rates (Box 1) are defined in the for morphological traits (includ- are being identified in various systems context of comparing two DNA ing behavioural and physiologi- fr