动名词语法.doc

一ing分词分句 1不带主语和连词的ing分词分句，逻辑主语通常可以在特定上下文或情景判定 如：He denied having been there. Judging from what you say，he has done his best. 2带连词的ing分词分句，逻辑主语通常是主句主语，也可以从上下文判定， 如：When sleeping，I never hear a thing. 3带主语的ing分词分句，也能带有自己的主语，分以下几种情况， ing分词分句作宾语时， Do you mind my/me making a suggestion? b)ing分词分句作介词补足语成分时， I am annoyed about John’s/John forgetting to pay. c)ing分词分句作主语时， It’s no use your pretending to be deaf. d)ing分词分句作状语即通常所说的“独立结构”时， The last bus having gone，we had to walk home. 4关于ing分词分句主格的使用问题， ing分词分句可以带有自己的主语，主语可以由名词或代词担任，名词可以是通歌或属格， 代词可以是宾语或属格。补充说明几点， 当主语是无生命名词或较长的名词词组时，只能用通格，不能用属格， Is there any hope of your workshop winning the red banner. b)当主语是不定代词或指示代词时，不用（或很少用）属格， I object to anyone(‘s) smoking in there. I object to that being said about me. c)当主语是指物的it时，用it或its，指时间时只用it， A:Why ,it’s eight o’clock already. B:I’m surprised at it being so late. 5关于无依着ing分词分句，主要是作状语的ing分词分句，如果主句中不出现ing分词分句的逻辑主语，就成为了无依着ing分词分句。 6ing分词分句与限定从属分句的转换关系 ing分词分句属于从属分句范畴，既能充当分句成分，也能充当词组成分，与限定从属句的句法功能相同。 ing分词分句相当于名词性限定分句 如：I remember posting it. =that I posted it. b)ing分词分句相当于形容词性限定分句， 如：There were a lot of boys playing +football in the field.. =who were playing c)ing分词分句相当于副词性限定分句， 如：In trying to open the door +I broken the key. =While I was trying to open the door 注意：ing分词分句转换为从属分句时，一般不能把状态动词的ing形式转换为限定动词的进行体形式。 7ing分词分句作主语， 两种位置， ing分词分句直接置于主语位置， 如: Seeing is believing. 用先行词it作形式主语，把ing分词分句置于句末，通常用于某些形容词或名词之后， 如：It’s interesting planning a holiday. It’s fun having guests for the weekend. b)作主语的ing分词分句与不定式分句在意义上的区别， ing分词分句作主语通常表示抽象动作，并且不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，而不定式分句作主语通常表示具体动作，及往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。 如：It’s no use crying over split milk.(抽象动作) Lying is wrong.(与执行者联系) He realized that to go on like was no use.(具体动作) To lie is wrong.(不与执行者联系) c)ing分词分句带主语所用“格”， 用作主语的ing分词分句带主语，名词或代词通常用属格，只有在极其随便的谈话中才有用代词宾语作主语的情况， 如：It wouldn’t be any good my talking to him. It’s strange him leaving like that. d)ing分词分句作主语的