论《吕刑》的法律思想.pdfVIP

摘 要 夏、商、西周是中国的奴隶制社会，亦是中国奴隶制法的产生和形成时期。 奴隶制法制产生于夏，发展于商，成熟于西周。所以西周的法制和法律思想在中 国古代法制史上占有极为重要的地位。 《尚书》是我国流传至今、历史最为久远 的一部先秦文献和政史论文的汇编，是研究夏商周政治活动的第一手文献资料。 《吕刑》作为其中的一篇，是最早记载我国刑罚实施原则与规定的刑制专文，它 对于研究西周的法律制度及西周社会有极其珍贵和重要的史料价值。 本文在确定《吕刑》成书于西周中期的基础上，探求《吕刑》的法律思想。 西周中期，政治经济的发展破坏了原有的社会规范，打乱了原有的统治秩序，使 原来的礼仪规范受到挑战。刑罚思想内涵也发生了一系列的变化:从“保民”到 “治民”，从“慎罚”观到“中刑”观，从“礼治”到“法治”。《吕刑》是西 周社会发展的产物。它在秉承周初“明德慎罚”思想的基础上，制定了祥刑:明 确规定五刑、五罚、五过;制定统一的刑罚原则:循实情断案原则、合并论罪原则、 罪行法定原则、比附定罪原则和疑罪从赦原则;对主刑狱官吏的素质做出明确规 定:善良、勤劳、廉洁、刚正。本文重点对《吕刑》中的“中刑”观、赦免制度、 赎刑制度加以阐述。《吕刑》既是西周刑罚思想与施政理念的完美结合，又使统 治的秩序化与理性化日益彰显，文中所体现的“德主刑辅”的刑罚思想对后世产 生深远影响。 关键词：吕刑；神权法；中刑；人治；礼治 I Abstract The Xia dynasty ,Shang dynasty and Western zhou dynasty are slavery society of ancient China. They are also budding period of Chinese law as well as formative period of slavery law systems. Law system derived from Xia dynasty ,developed in Shang dynasty and got matured in Western zhou dynasty. Therefore , Western zhou law systems as well as legal thoughts play an extremely important role in ancient Chinese law hintory. The Lvxing is an important code of the Western zhou dynasty . It is also the earliest code of our nation. It records criminal thoughts ,criminal thoughts ,criminal policy and procedure systems of the Western zhou s rulers. Now it just be left in Shang Shu. So studying legal thoughts and related law systems of Lvxing helps to learn about legal state of the Western zhou dynasty . The article focus on the thoughts of aspects of theocratic , zhong penalty, ren zhi ,li zhi in Lvxing. This article also contains judicatory principles of Lvxing. As a piece of literature in shangshu, Lvxing is the oldest writing focusing on punishment system, whic