Presentation 2-MT 翻译数据库 数据词条.pptVIP

Controlled Languages Why are CLs important for translators? Translators may work in an environment where a CL is used to produce in-house texts. They may also develop their own versions of CL to adapt texts for a first pass through an MT system CL is also useful as a diagnostic tool to evaluate or analyse MT output CL needs highly-trained authors who understand the principles of translation and language Pre-editing guidelines (Torrejon Rico) Keep sentences short - not more than 20 words Avoid multiple coordination of sentences Insert determiners (a, the) whenever possible Insert ‘that’, ‘which’ in subordinate clauses wherever possible Avoid anaphoric expressions (pronouns referring to a previously mentioned entity) Avoid elliptical constructions Pre-editing guidelines (Ibid.) Re-write when and while followed by an -ing form by inserting you are and -ing (e.g. ‘when checking for ignition spark’ should be re-written as ‘when you are checking for an ignition spark’) Avoid phrasal verbs or keep the adverb/preposition close to the verb (e.g. ‘turn the engine on’ should be ‘turn on the engine’) Avoid adjectives, past participles and present participles after nouns. Re-write them as relative clauses (e.g. ‘wires lying across brackets’ becomes ‘wires that are lying across brackets’) Repeat nouns modified by coordinated adjectives (e.g. ‘a loose or poor electrical connection’ becomes ‘a loose electrical connection or a poor electrical connection’) Repeat prepositions in the coordination of prepositional phrases (e.g. ‘Precautions for multiport fuel injection system and engine control system’ should be ‘Precautions for the multiport fuel injection system and for the engine control system’) Post-editing Generally done by a human bilingual to improve MT output with a minimum of effort/expense See /resources/publications/guidelines/postediting?view=default for detailed guidelines Post-editing vs. translation Market growth, demand Companies/organisations therefore combine MT wi