1 句子成分 主谓宾.ppt

句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语 、补语 、同位语， 其中主语与谓语是主要成分, 一般不可缺少。;一、主语 主话是一个句子所要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。 练习: 请找出下列句子的主语。 The boy comes from America. ( ___________________ ) 2. He usually went to school alone. ( ___________________ );3. Studying English is very important. ( _______________________________ ) 4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. ( _______________________________ );5. That he won the prize excited everyone. ( ____________________________ ) 6. It is important for us to have our dreams. ( ____________________________ );7. It is obvious that he was wrong. ( _________________________________ ) 8. It is no use crying over spilt milk. ( _________________________________ ); 主语一般由名词、_________________, 或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括 ______、______ 还有 ________)。另外, 当句子的主语为 __________、__________或 _________时, 主语部分太长, 为使句子平衡, 避免头重脚轻, 常用it作形式主语。;二、 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作 (即主语做了什么事)、状态或特征，一般放在主语。谓语由动词或短语动词充当, 或者由“系动词+表语”构成。除了倒装等特殊情况外, 谓语总是位于主语的后面, 即“主语+谓语”。; 动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语, 连系动词与表语一起构成谓语, 情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语, 助动词与动词的适当形式(如：原形、现在分词、过去分词)共同构成谓语部分。 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。;练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式? 1. His parents are teachers. ( _______________________ ) 2. The sun rises in the east. ( _______________________ ) ;3. We have finished reading the book. ( ______________________________ ) 4. You ought to work harder. ( ______________________________ );5. I felt cold. ( ___________________________ ) 6. He doesn’t like music. ( ___________________________ );三、宾语 宾语表示动作的对象???承受者，位于及物动词和介词后面。一般由名词、宾格代词(me, her等), 或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当 (包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句)。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语, 间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做, 直接宾语则是动作的承受者或结果。一般情况下, 宾语都在动词后面, 顺序是: 主语 → 谓语 → 宾语。;练习：请找出下列句子的宾语。 1. He has never met her in person. ( ____________________________ ) 2. She handed him a book. ( ________________________________ ) 3. He likes to play basketball. ( ________________________________ );4. We enjoy listening to the music. ( ______