句子扩展和常见错误.pptVIP

The Expansion of Basic Sentence Patterns;1. Elements of a sentence;2. Types of sentences;3. Basic sentence patterns;* SVOiOd 句型 ( subject +transitive verb + indirect object + direct object ) e.g. The boss accorded him a hearty reception in the new sales promotion campaign.;4. Expanding basic sentence patterns;副词在句中主要修饰形容词、副词和动词，其位置在句中也比较灵活。但是，程度副词一般放在所修饰词的前面，而频率副词放在主要谓语动词前、系动词/助动词后。同时有几个副词时，其位置排列如下：程度副词(或表示程度介宾结构)—方式副词(或表示方式的介宾结构)—地点副词(或表示方式的介宾结构)—时间副词(或表示方式的介宾结构)等。 e.g. All the members of the project group often discussed the research schedule quite carefully in the laboratory last week.;* 并列法 ( coordination ) ;并列句连接词(Coordinators);(2) 用平行结构扩展 （ expanding with parallelism) 把???个或更多的具有相同语法结构的句子或句子成分以同一语法形式和修饰方式平行地组合起来，表达同等重要的信息，这样的句子结构即为平行结构。这种平行结构既避免了不必要的重复，又扩大了信息内容， 还可起到加强语气的作用。 e.g. The three most common purpose of writing are to inform, to entertain, and to persuade.;* 从属法（subordination);从属连接词(subordinators);英语句子是受严格的语法规则制约的，在写作中如果违背这些规则，那么写出的句子就会使人无法理解，或引起歧义。要想避免发生这些情况，在写作时就必须处理好句子结构方面的几个问题。;(2) run-on sentence ( 接排句/不断句）;(4) dangling modifiers(悬垂修饰语）;(5) 过多使用并列句;（6）过多使用从句;6. Exercises;练习二：合并下列句子 1. Some people believe higher bus fare will benefit the bus companies. It will also benefit the citizens. 2. All want to make the things clear. All are reluctant to do so because they feel they will lose their face in doing so. 3. Some of them are real scientists. They make writing science fiction their hobby. 4. The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child. Her mother was a famous pianist. ;练习三： 修改下列句子中冗长的地方 1. But when they come to the end of their life, they often find that their lives have been wasted in vain. 2. They long for knowledge and experience about arts, but the school gives them little knowledge and experience about arts. First, recycling can reduce the pollution that is caused by garbage and wastewater.;练习四： 用另外的句子(结构)陈述下列句子的意思，使其表达多样化。 1. Nowadays there is worsening air pollution in many cities. 2. If people