【解剖学课件】胸壁、肺及胸膜、膈解剖.pptVIP

Unit 19;一.Thoracic wall 胸壁;1）Muscles肌肉;Intercostales intimi肋间最内肌;;2）Vessels and nerves血管和神经;;Intercostal space 肋间隙;肋间后动脉、肋间后静脉和肋间神经三者的位置关系: 在肋间隙后部：位于肋间隙中间，三者的上、下的排列次序不定。 在肋沟内，自上而下依次为：肋间后静脉、肋间后动脉、肋间神经。 .胸膜腔穿刺部位: 在肋间隙后部，进针部位应在下位肋的上缘。 在肋间隙前部，进针部位应在肋间隙的中间。;Internal thoracic artery 胸廓内动脉 －descends into thorax 1.2cm lateral to edge of sternum, and ends at the sixth costal cartilage by dividing musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries;Musculophrenic A肌膈动脉;2.Pleura胸膜;;△ potential spaces of pleural cavity which lungs are not occupied in deep respiration ;Midclavicular lines 锁骨中线;The surface projection of lower border of lung and pleurae ;;3.Lung 肺 ;2）Features 形态; 纵隔面Mediastinal surface中部有长圆形凹陷叫肺门，有支气 管、肺动脉、肺静脉、支气管动脉、支气管静脉、神经和淋巴管出入。?出入肺门的结构被结缔组织包绕，构成肺根root of lung 。 肺根内结构的排列： 从前向后:上肺静脉、肺动脉、主支气管。 ;Hilum of lung肺门;Oblipue fissure斜裂; Each principal bronchus divides into lobar bronchi (two on the left, three on the right), each of which supplies a lobe of lung. Each lobar bronchus then divided into segmental bronchi, which supply specific segments of the lung. ;;１．尖段 ２．后段 ３．前段 ４．外侧段 ５．内侧段 ６．尖（上）段 ７．内侧底段 ８．前底段 ９．外侧底段 １０．后底段１;外侧底段;;☆ Vessels OF lung;★ Diaphragm;Aortic hiatus;Contraction: the dome moving downward, increases the volume of thoracic cavity which results in inspiration, at the same time the intra-abdominal pressure is increased assists in defecation, vomiting or child birth. Relaxation: the dome returns to the former position, reduces the volume to the thoracic cavity, resulting in expiration.