第3章新贸易理论_38182.docxVIP

Two countries: England and Italy. Two goods: Gin（杜松子酒） and Vermouth（苦艾酒）. Two factors of production: Labor and Capital. All consumers in both countries consume the goods in bundles of fixed proportions (Leontief indifference curves), consisting of four units of Gin and one unit of Vermouth; each such bundle is called a Martini. The factor requirements per unit of output of the two goods are also fixed, and are the same across countries. They are shown in the following table: The factors are immobile across countries, but mobile across sectors within each country. The factor endowments in the two countries are xed, and are shown in the following table: （要素禀赋固定，要素可在国家内部移动）Find the wage and the rate of return to capital in the two countries in the autarkic equilibrium (i.e. no trade). Which endowment is not fully employed? Answer: The full employment conditions in England are The consumption proportion line is V=G/4. Englands autarkic production point is(720, 180). So it can produce 180 Martinis. Capital is in excess supply and suffers some unemployment. The rental for capital R is 0. The price equals unit cost conditions are So PG / PV ? 0.5The price of Martini is 2W. The wage rate is 0.5 in terms of Martini. By the same analog, W=0, R=1/3 in terms of Martini in Italy. Suppose the relative price of Gin in terms of Vermouth is 1. Find the wage and the rate of return to capital in the two countries in the trading equilibrium. Answer: The price equals unit cost conditions are Now the price for G is equal to the price for V. These solve to yield W=P(v), R=P(V) 第三章新贸易理论传统贸易理论的困难里昂惕夫之谜产业内贸易新理论？规模报酬、不完全竞争和国际贸易技术差距理论产品生命周期理论偏好相似理论国家竞争优势理论国家间进行国际贸易的两个基本原因：不同国家：比较优势，资源禀赋差异相同国家：实现规模经济规模经济和不完全竞争的国际贸易理论垄断竞争模型倾销模型比较优势贸易模型假设：固定规模报酬、完全竞争规模报酬递增行业：汽车产出增长速度快于投入增长速度平均成本随着产量增长而下降规模经济外部：The cost per unit depends on the size of the industry but not necessarily on the size of any one firm. An industry will typically consist of many small firms and be perfectly competitive. Specialized