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Chapter 5 Word-Formation in English (I) Give the definition of morpheme. The morphemes can be regarded as “the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words”. In short, a morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit into which a word can be divided. What is the difference between free morphemes and bound morphemes? Free morphemes are morphemes which can occur as separate words. That is to say, a free morpheme can stand alone as a word. Bound morphemes are morphemes which cannot stand alone as words. They are mainly affixes. That is to say, a bound morpheme is one that appears with at least one other morpheme, bound or free in a word. What are lexical morphemes and grammatical morphemes? Give examples. Lexical morphemes include root morphemes and affixes used for the construction of new words as in compound words (“classroom”), and affixes such as –ship, -ize (“friendship”, “modernize”). Grammatical morphemes are morphemes used to express grammatical relationships between a word and its context, such as plurality, past tense, progressive tense or possessive case, as is shown in the words “workers”, “worked”, “working” and “worker’s”. What are simple words, compound words and complex words? Which words belong to the common core of the English vocabulary? Why? A simple word is one which consists of only one free form, such as water, man, work. A compound word is one which consists of more than one free form, such as classroom. A complex word is one which has one free form and one or more than one bound form, such as rewrite, socialize. Simple words are the common core of the English vocabulary. They provide the language with a basis for the formation of new words. Give the definitions of the following terms and examples. A root is the base form of a word that expresses its essential meaning, a meaning that never changes, even though affixes may be added at the beginning of a word or the end of a word. To be more exact, root refers to that part of the