ChapterPragmatics-Exercises.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 3 Chapter 6 Pragmatics I. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given. 1. Pragmatics is the study of speakers’ intended m____, that is, how hearers recognize what is meant even when it isn’t actually said or written. 2. Discourse d____ covers all expressions used to refer to earlier or forthcoming segments of the discourse, such as in the previous/next chapter. 3. Do not say what you believe to be false—this is the maxim of q____ that speakers are supposed to follow but also able to flout. 4. Actions performed via utterances are generally called speech acts, and the verbs used to perform actions are called p________ verbs. 5. Which type of speech act is actually intended by the speaker can be identified by specifying f______ conditions—circumstances under which it sounds appropriate. II. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. 1. Pragmatics is by and large complementary with semantics. 2. One performative verb may be performing the type of act suggested by another performative verb. 3. All words can be used to convey conversational implicatures. 4. Whenever one fails to fulfill a conversational maxim, one fails to observe the Cooperative Principle altogether. 5. The more indirect the utterance is to express the speaker’s intention, the greater politeness the speaker shows to the hearer. III. Define the following terms. 1. pragmatics 2. deixis 3. reference 4. anaphora 5. presupposition 6. speech act theory 7. indirect speech act 8. cooperative principle 9. conversational implicature 10. politeness principle IV. Answer the following questions. In conversation, speakers may mean exactly what they say and no more. Or they can mean more than what they say, or at an extreme, opposite to what they say. Use examples to illustrate each case. Do you think there are other possibilities? Context is one of the most important factors when we conduct pragmatic analysis. Without the knowledg