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Format for Research Papers California State University, Bakersfield Department of Biology Winter 2008 A scientific research report is a form of communication in which the investigator succinctly presents and interprets data collected in an investigation. Writing such reports is similar to the writing in other scientific disciplines except that the format will differ as will the criteria for grading. Writing the Report The questions and hypotheses that initiate an investigation, the resultant data gathered, and the background information obtained by reading the literature will lead to conclusions. Your research report presents these conclusions and the appropriate evidence (data and relevant literature). Before writing the report, construct an outline that logically presents the information to support your conclusions. Organize the data into tables and figures to present the evidence in a logical order. Many authors prefer to construct a draft by rapidly putting down ideas with little regard to sentence structure, and to make corrections later. Others prefer to make revisions as they proceed. Write the report with a target audience of other students with experience in biology equivalent to that of the class for which the report is written. Proper use of English is considered paramount in grading. Your major responsibility is to make the reader understand exactly what you mean by using words with precision, clarity, and economy. Every sentence should be exact and say something of importance (no padding). Economy and accuracy require using straightforward English sentences (subject, verb, and object). Follow a consistent pattern of tenses. Write in the active voice unless you have good reason to use the passive voice. The active is the natural voice, the one in which people commonly speak and write. Quotations are to be avoided. All sentences should be based on your understanding of source material