现在完成时用法讲解.docVIP

现在完成时 一、基本构成 1．肯定句： 主语（第一、二人称，第三人称复数）+have +过去分词+其他 ??????????? 主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词+其他 2．否定句：?主语+ have/has +not +过去分词+其他 3．一般疑问句： Have/Has? +主语+过去分词+其他？ 4．特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？ 5.规则动词的过去分词和过去式构成相同，都是在词尾加-ed。不规则的，大致分为以下几种类型： 1)????? 原形中的元音字母有变化: get-got-got,??? sit –sat-sat? win-won-won? spit- spat- spat?? shine –shone- shone find- found- found? hold-held-held? meet- met-met?? stand- stood-stood?? understand-understood-understood? feed- fed-fed?? hang-hung-hung 2)????? 原形中的辅音字母有变化: make-made-made??? spill-spilt-spilt?? have/ has-had-had? build-built-built send-sent-sent?? lend- lent- lent??? spend-spent-spent?? 3)????? 在原形后加t或d: spoil-spoilt-spoilt? learn-learnt-learnt? mean-meant-meant?? hear-heard-heard pay-paid-paid?? say-said-said? lose-lost-lost? lay-laid-laid 4)????? 原形中的元音字母和辅音字母都有变化: feel-felt-felt?? smell-smelt-smelt??? spell-spelt –spelt ?keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept?? sweep-swept-swept? leave-left-left? sell-sold-sold tell-told-told? catch-caught-caught? teach-taught-taught? buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought? think-thought-thought?? wear-wore-worn 5)????? 与原形相同: hit-hit-hit? hurt-hurt-hurt?? let-let-let?? put-put-put?? read-read-read set-set-set? shut-shut shut? cost-cost-cost?? cut-cut-cut 还有些不规则动词的过去分词与过去式不相同,为便于记忆,也分类如下: 1)原形中的元音字母有变化: ring-rang-rung?? sing-sang-sung?? drink-drank-drunk? swim-swam-swum begin-began-begun? sink-sank-sunk 2) 在原形上加－en: eat-ate-eaten? fall-fell-fallen? ride-rode-ridden write-wrote- written be-was/were-been? rise-rose-risen? forget-forgot-forgotten 3)在原形上加－n: see-saw-seen?? give-gave-given? drive-drove-driven? take-took-taken mistake-mistook-mistaken? draw-drew-drawn? blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown? know-knew-known? show-showed-shown? throw-threw-thrown 4)在过去式上加－n: steal-stole-stolen? break-broken–broken? choose-chose-chosen? speak-spoke-spoken?? wake-woke-woken? 6)????? 与原形相同:come-came-come? run-ran-run? become-became-become 7)????? 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同的: do-did-done?