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Electrostatic nanoassembly of contact interfacial layer for enhanced photovoltaic performance in polymer solar cells.pdf

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Electrostatic nanoassembly of contact interfacial layer for enhanced photovoltaic performance in polymer solar cells.pdf

Solar Energy Materials Solar Cells 153 (2016) 148–163 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Solar Energy Materials Solar Cells journal homepage: /locate/solmat Electrostatic nanoassembly of contact interfacial layer for enhanced photovoltaic performance in polymer solar cells Gopalan Sai-Anand a, Anantha-Iyengar Gopalan b, Kwang-Pill Lee b, Swaminathan Venkatesan c, Qiquan Qiao d, Byoung-Ho Kang e, Sang-Won Lee a, Jae-Sung Lee a, Shin-Won Kang a,n a School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea b Research Institute of Advanced Energy Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea c Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA d Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 570007, USA e Center for Functional Devices Fusion Platform, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea article info Article history: Received 24 December 2015 Received in revised form 24 March 2016 Accepted 10 April 2016 Available online 30 April 2016 Keywords: Contact interfacial layer Sulfonated polyaniline Cationic electrolyte Solar cell abstract Improved performance in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) can be achieved through multiple mechanisms by tuning the structure of the components and design architecture. Therefore, in this study, we designed and fabricated an electrostatically assembled contact interfacial layer utilizing the electrostatic interactions between positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and negatively charged sulfonate ions in a polymer, i.e. toluene sulfonic acid incorporated self-doped polyaniline (SPAN(TSAà)) (designated as SPAN(TSAà)/EAàCIL). We investigated the in?uence of SPAN(TSAà)/EAàCIL on the photovol