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Development of a visco-elastoplastic contact force model and its parameter determination for apples.pdf
Postharvest Biology and Technology 120 (2016) 157–166
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Postharvest Biology and Technology
journal homepage: /locate/postharvbio
Development of a visco-elastoplastic contact force model and its parameter determination for apples
Elien Dielsa,*, Tim Odenthala,b, Janos Keresztesa, Simon Vanmaerckea, Pieter Verbovena, Bart Nicola?a, Wouter Saeysa, Herman Ramona, Bart Smeetsa,b
a KU Leuven—MeBioS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium b KU Leuven—Biomechanics Section, Celestijnenlaan 300c, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
ARTICLE INFO
Article history: Received 20 January 2016 Received in revised form 3 June 2016 Accepted 6 June 2016 Available online 23 June 2016
Keywords: Apple Discrete Element Method Normal contact force model Mechanical properties
ABSTRACT
A contact force model was developed to model the visco-elastoplastic (VEP) behaviour of apples. The model is based on the elastoplastic Thornton model and has been written in a pressure-based formulation to extend the application of the model to Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations with arbitrary rounded shapes. The parameters of the new developed VEP contact force model were determined by ?tting the experimental data acquired from Jonagold, Joly Red and Kanzi apples impacted by a pendulum. With only one parameter set per cultivar and for a large impact range (impact velocity range: 0.3–1.5 m/s), the VEP-model (R2 = 0.90 ? 0.13) provides a better description of the forcedeformation pro?les than the viscoelastic Kono and Kuwabara (KK) model (R2 = 0.71 ? 0.20). The equivalent Young’s modulus (E*) was also determined under quasi-static conditions, which resulted in measured E*-values for Jonagold, Joly Red and Kanzi apples of respectively 4.24 ? 0.96 MPa, 5.09 ? 1.27 MPa and 7.82 ? 0.41 MPa. The novel VEP-model has the potential to help predict and understand bruise damage in apples as well as other horticultural products.
? 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introdu
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