Brown etching layer A possible new insight into the crack initiation of rolling contact fatigue in rail steels.pdfVIP

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Brown etching layer A possible new insight into the crack initiation of rolling contact fatigue in rail steels.pdf

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Brown etching layer A possible new insight into the crack initiation of rolling contact fatigue in rail steels.pdf

Engineering Failure Analysis 66 (2016) 8–18 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Engineering Failure Analysis journal homepage: /locate/engfailanal “Brown etching layer”: A possible new insight into the crack initiation of rolling contact fatigue in rail steels? Shaoguang Li a, Jun Wu b,c, Roumen H. Petrov b,c, Zili Li a,?, Rolf Dollevoet a, Jilt Sietsma b,c a Section of Railway Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands c Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium article info Article history: Received 12 November 2015 Received in revised form 16 March 2016 Accepted 22 March 2016 Available online 5 April 2016 Keywords: Rolling contact fatigue White etching layer Brown etching layer Microstructural characterization Cracks abstract A ?eld sample of rail steel was metallurgically examined to characterize its rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage. In addition to the well-known white etching layer (WEL), a possible different type of surface modi?cation layer was identi?ed in parallel. The layer has some similar features as the WEL but exhibits a signi?cantly different etching response to 3 vol% Nital etchant. After etching, the new layer exhibits a brown color under the same light re?ection. This layer was named as “brown etching layer” (BEL) to distinguish it from the WEL. Similar to the WEL, cracks are observed to be closely related to the BEL. The cracks are found to penetrate deeper than those initiated by the WEL reported in existing publications. Further, they are found to propagate downwards without branching, which may eventually cause rail fracture. Although its formation mechanism is not yet clear, WEL has been considered by some authors in the literature as a possible RCF initiation source. It is therefore of critical importance to understand the characteristics of the BEL and its fo