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Alterations in knee contact forces and centers in stance phase of gait A detailed lower extremity musculoskeletal model.pdf
Journal of Biomechanics 49 (2016) 185–192
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Biomechanics
journal homepage: /locate/jbiomech www.JB
Alterations in knee contact forces and centers in stance phase of gait: A detailed lower extremity musculoskeletal model
H. Marouane a, A. Shirazi-Adl a,n, M. Adouni b
a Division of Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, école Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, Canada b Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
article info
Article history: Accepted 3 December 2015
Keywords: Contact force Contact center Gait Lower extremity model Knee joint
abstract
Evaluation of contact forces-centers of the tibiofemoral joint in gait has crucial biomechanical and pathological consequences. It involves however dif?culties and limitations in in vitro cadaver and in vivo imaging studies. The goal is to estimate total contact forces (CF) and location of contact centers (CC) on the medial and lateral plateaus using results computed by a validated ?nite element model simulating the stance phase of gait for normal as well as osteoarthritis, varus-valgus and posterior tibial slope altered subjects. Using foregoing contact results, six methods commonly used in the literature are also applied to estimate and compare locations of CC at 6 periods of stance phase (0%, 5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%).
TF joint contact forces are greater on the lateral plateau very early in stance and on the medial plateau thereafter during 25–100% stance periods. Large excursions in the location of CC ( 417 mm), especially on the medial plateau in the mediolateral direction, are computed. Various reported models estimate quite different CCs with much greater variations ( $ 15 mm) in the mediolateral direction on both plateaus. Compared to our accurately computed CCs taken as the gold standard, the centroid of contact area algorithm yielded least differences (except in the mediolateral direction on the medial
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