学术与工程伦理.ppt

學術與工程倫理 魏哲和 97.2.25 References : 1.崔秉鉞, “工程倫理二三事 “ 97.03.11 2.李世光、林政廷 及 李舒昇, “ 學術研究與道德責任:進入學術領域的第一課” 3.Wikipedia 科學與技術 「科學」探索自然的現象及原理 注重知識的認知、真理的尋求 「技術」則是運用、操控自然以達到人為 目的之知識 「工程」注重知識、資訊及技術應用。 Science and technology Science is the discovery and explanation of nature. Technology is knowledge of manipulation of nature for human purposes . Science understands nature, and technology manipulates nature. Engineering is the design of economic artifacts embodying technology 「工程」與「科學」 工程 　　 科學 發明運用← 目的→ 發現「、認知 創意、實現← 方法→ 歸納、分析、演譯 精打細算← 成本→ 不計代價 改善生活← 貢獻→ 知識開拓 學術倫理是甚麼？ 學術倫理 Academic Ethics) 是學術界中約人，從事學術研究的基本道德規範. 只要是以學術為業（無論是從事教學還是研究），都 應堅守基本的工作倫理。 所謂 ,國有國法 ,家有家規,各行各業有行規. 行為約束 學術研究的基本道德 理性 客觀 一致 誠實 負責 開放 國內外上常見的違反學術倫理之行為 捏造 (假造) 篡改/選擇性揭露 成果(數據) 抄襲 引用不當 掛名作者 一稿多投 挪用研究經費 研究成果 /專利 歸屬不當 (侵佔) Acceptance of reuse in some disciplines In some academic disciplines, verbatim reuse of previously published material is generally avoided but is accepted practice under certain circumstances. Conference papers that receive limited distribution are often converted into journal articles or chapters in books, and journal articles are often recycled into chapters in books. Ideas in one journal article are often developed further in subsequent articles by the same author. Doctoral dissertations are frequently republished as books after revision. Material in one book is often reused in another book by the same author, often with different publishers. Legitimate exceptions to the general norm are numerous, based on the purposes of development and dissemination of knowledge. It is especially important where public safety may be at risk if a single paper is not reaching a wide enough audience, for example in product liability. 違反學術倫理案例