词汇学重点概念.docVIP

词汇学重点概念 举例 1.Word：A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a 发音单位sound unity (3)a unit of meaning意义单位 (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence一个可以独立的单位 2. Jargon ：refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves行话 3. Slang ：belongs to the sub-standard language ,a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words like cant, jargon, and argot非主流英语 4. Content words：denote clear notions and thus are known as notional words. 实词They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals 5. Functional words： do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called empty words. As their chief function is to express the relation between notions, the relation between words as well as between sentences 6. borrowed words：外来词are words taken over from foreign languages， known as borrowed words or loan words or borrowings in simple terms 7.Creation 创造词：refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements 8. Semantic change：means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need根据新需要 9. morpheme：is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words最小功能单位 10. Free Morphemes自由词素：have complete meaning in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. A free morpheme is one that can stand by itself. (有完整意义which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free).独立于其他词素 11. Bound Morphemes(粘着词素)：A bound morpheme is one that cannot stand by itself. They are bound to other morphemes to form words. 不能独立 12.Affixes：are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function附着于单词或者词素 Affixes can be put into two groups: 1)Inflectional affixes (屈折词缀) ：affixes attached to the end of