(英语句子结构.docVIP

英语句子结构 音素—词汇—表达法—句子成分—段落—文章 注意: 主语的形式:名词,代词,the+形容词,the+分词,不定式,动名词,疑问句+不定式,For+ 名词或宾格的代词+不定式(for him to study mathematics),介词短语(from eight to tweleve),名词从句. 谓语:由简单动词或动词短语构成.(助动词或情态动词+主要动词) 英语中常用某些动词 名词代替表动态的位于动词,以表生动. 宾语的形式:基本和主语的形式一致.多了一个副词(My friend came from afar to see me) 表语:在系表结构中,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,真正起谓语作用的是表语,也可以说是 一种主语补语 补语的形式:名词,形容词或代用语,副词(my brother is out),分词 定语从句: 修饰名词,短语,从句,主句 状语从句: 修饰动词,分词,形容词,副词 名词可以充当:主语,宾语,主语补语(his father is a lawyer, he was elected President),宾语 补语(the class elected Jim its president.) 名词的代用词:动名词,代词,不定式,短语,从句 (主语和宾语)名词从句引导词:that, whether, if, who, whose, whom, which, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever. 动词可以充当:谓语 形容词可以充当:定语,补语,状语,表语,主语,感叹语 副词可以充当:状语,表语,定语,介词宾语,宾语补足语 副词可以修饰:动词(包括不定式,动名词,分词等动状词),形容词,副词,副 词短语,状语从句,修饰全句 介词词组可以充当:定语(须后置),状语,表语,宾补,另一介词的宾语,主语 介词的位置:1,动词+介词+名词,2,不及物动词+介词(往往构成及物动 词 at, for, from, into, of, to, with ) 介词的宾语:名词,代词,形容词,副词(from here, till recently, from below), 动名词(on doing, in reading),不定式(), 不定式可以充当:主语,宾语,表语,宾语补足语,定语,状语, 不定式短语可以当作名 词短语, 动名词可以充当:主语,表语,动词宾语,介词宾语,定语,状语(放在介词后面,after getting up,本身不能做状语) 分词可以充当:定语,表语,宾语补足语,状语(前面可以有连词,as if, though, whether) 前后相关的词性:前面:名词,连接副词,介词 后面:从句,名词,介词 连词:包含副词性连词,代词性连词,关系代词,关系副词,关系形容词(whose daughter, what little), 难点: 1,主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语,主语+动词+间宾+直宾,后者可以改为to的形式; The tailor made John a suit. =The tailor made a suit to John 2,反意疑问句;She learns French, doesnt she He had a letter from home, didnt you 第一大类:系表结构;不及物动词的主谓结构 1, English is a difficult language (for me to learn.) !!! 主语(名词)+系动词+表语(名词)+(等于不定式) 状语 (Winning first place in the speech contest) was (his special ambition.) 主语(动名词短语)+系动词+表语(名词短语) 等于倒装句 2,I have been dreaming (during the night.) 主语(代词)+谓语(不及物动词现在完成进行时态)+时间状语(介词短语) 3,I have fallen behind (in my class) 主语(代词)+谓语(不及物动词现在完成时态)+修饰副词+地点状语(介词词组) 4,It is dangerous (for me to drive a car.) =to drive a car is dangerous for me. 形式主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+真正主语(等同不定式短语)=名词 for me to drive a car is dangerous. 5, (To understand English) is not difficult. 主语(不定式短语)+系动词+表语(形容词) (For hi