《Abstract 2.pptVIP

Abstract 2 Review Requirements of EAP General features of academic writing Noun/noun-based phrase Passive voice Lexical density/lexical complexity Literature review Definition A literature review is a text written to consider the critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. Definition A literature review is a text written to consider the critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. critical points 文献综述的主要问题：对相关既有研究成果进行流水账式的铺陈，只有literature,没有review,看不到critical points ，缺乏Critical thinking Critical thinking Critical thinking is a way of deciding whether a claim is always true, sometimes true, partly true, or false. Socratic method Critical thinking can be traced in the West to ancient Greece with its Socratic method 启发人的思想，使人主动地去分析、思考问题，他用辩证的方法证明真理是具体的，具有相对性，在一定条件下可以向自己的反面转化。 Socratic method 学生：请问什么是善行？ 苏格拉底：盗窃、欺骗、把人当奴隶贩卖，这几种行为是善行还是恶行？ 学生：是恶行。 苏格拉底：欺骗敌人是恶行吗？把俘虏来的敌人卖作奴隶是恶行吗？ 学生：这是善行。不过，我说的是朋友而不是敌人。 苏格拉底：照你说，盗窃对朋友是恶行。但是，如果朋友要自杀，你盗窃了他准备用来自杀的工具，这是恶行吗？ 学生：是善行。 苏格拉底：你说对朋友行骗是恶行，可是，在战争中，军队的统帅为了鼓舞士气，对士兵说，援军就要到了。但实际上并无援军，这种欺骗是恶行吗？ 学生：这是善行。  the Spring and Autumn Period 《墨子·经上》：“圜，一中同长也。” 圆有一个圆心,圆心到圆上各点的距离(即半径)都相等. 《墨经》提出了故、理、类三个基本的逻辑学概念,这是推理或论证的三个基本成分。 Syllogism [‘s?l?,d??z(?)m]三段论 Major premise: All humans are mortal. Minor premise: All Greeks are humans. Conclusion: All Greeks are mortal. current knowledge A literature review is a text written to consider the critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. Current Knowledge 时间：五年以内 空间：高于现有机构的研究水准 maintenance of academic standards 核心期刊、经典著作、专职部门的研究报告 注意核心期刊的参考文献，按图索骥 文献综述是评论性的，因此要带着本人批判的眼光（critical thinking),来组织材料，而不是相关学术研究的堆砌。 Be organized around and rel