国外认知心理学课件6Chapter4_000.pptVIP

Consciousness Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Learning Objective Menu LO 4.1 Consciousness and levels of consciousness LO 4.2 Why sleep and how sleep works LO 4.3 Purpose of sleep LO 4.4 Stages of sleep LO 4.5 Dreaming and what happens if people do not dream LO 4.6 Sleepwalking as a defense for committing a crime LO 4.7 Problems during sleep LO 4.8 Why people dream and what they dream about LO 4.9 Hypnosis and how it works LO 4.10 Physical and psychological dependence on a drug LO 4.11 Examples and dangers of stimulants LO 4.12 Types of depressants and how they are harmful LO 4.13 Alcohol and its dangers LO 4.14 Narcotics and why they are so addictive LO 4.15 How hallucinogens work LO 4.16 Marijuana and its risks LO 4.17 Sleep deprivation Consciousness Consciousness - a person’s awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment. Waking consciousness - state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear, organized, and the person feels alert. Altered state of consciousness - state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness. Necessity of Sleep Circadian rhythm - a cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period. “circa” – about “diem” – day Hypothalamus – tiny section of the brain that influences the glandular system. suprachiasmatic nucleus – deep within the hypothalamus; the internal clock that tells people when to wake up and when to fall asleep. Tells pineal gland to secrete melatonin, which makes a person feel sleepy. Necessity of Sleep Microsleeps - brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds. Sleep deprivation - any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability. Necessity of Sleep Adaptive theory - theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active. Restorative theory - theory of sleep propo