Lecture 2 Phonetics and phonology.pptVIP

Speech Sounds --Phonetics;Phonetics;1). Articulatory Phonetics ---- the production 2). Acoustic Phonetics ----physical properties 3). Auditory Phonetics ---perception;Articulatory Phonetics;Oral Cavity （口腔）;10. Larynx（喉）;II. Consonants;2.1 Definition;2.2 Classification;By manners of articulation;Bilabials: [p] [b] [m] [w]; Labiodentals: [f] [v]; Dentals: [θ] [e]; Alveolars: [t] [d] [n] [s] [z] [l] [r]; Palatals: [?] [?] [?] [?] [j]; Velars: [k] [g] [?]; Glottal: [h].;III. Vowels;3.1 Definition; 基本元音是由英国语音学家D ? 琼斯（1881-1967）设计发明的。它是一套标准的参照点，为人们提供了一种精确地描写语言里元音的方法。;3.2 Description of vowels;CV1 [i];Table of English Monophthongs;3.3 Classification of vowels;Monophthongs;CV1 [i];Description of Diphthongs;Rising Diphthongs;Centering Diphthongs;IV. Coarticulation;IV. Phonetic Transcription; ~ are the additional markings on written symbols to specify various phonetic properties such as length, tone, stress, nasalization, etc. Examples : [i:], [ě], [ù], and [?], etc.;Speech Sounds ---Phonology;Phonology;Contents;I. Phonological Theory;1.1 Minimal Pair;1.2.1 Phone;1.1.2 Phoneme;1.1.3. Allophones;1.3 Complementary Distribution;1.3.1 Phonetic Similarity;1.3.2 Free Variations;1.4 Phonemic Contrast;1.5 Distinctive Features;IV. Phonological Process;4.1 Addition Rule ;4.2 Devoicing Rule;4.3 The Unaspiration Rule ;4.4 The Past Tense Rule;4.5 The Elsewhere Condition;V. Phonological Rules;5.1 Sequential Rules;If a word begins with a [l] or [r], then the next sound must a vowel. If three consonants should cluster together at the beginning of a word, the combination should obey the following three rules; a) the first phoneme must be /s/ b) the second phoneme must be /p/,/t/,/k/ c) the third phoneme must be /l/,/r/,/w/;5.2.Assimilation Rules;5.3.Deletion Rule ;VI. Suprasegmental features;6.1 Suprasegmental Features;6.2.1 Syllables;6.2.1.1 Definition;6.2.1.2 Composition;6.2.2 Stress;6.2.2.1 Definition of