《国际贸易实务与操作》Chapter 1.ppt

国际贸易实务与操作 International Trade Practice and Operation Chapter 1 Introduction to International Trade Practice Teaching Objectives 1．Introduce three international business forms: trade, licensing, and foreign direct investment. 2. Discuss typical risks associated with international business transactions. 3. Explain participants and procedures of international trade. Section 1 Forms of International Business Based on the methods of entering a foreign market, international business can be classified into three broad categories: trade, intellectual property rights and international licensing agreements, and foreign direct investment. Section 1 Forms of International Business 1. Trade Trade consists of the import and export of goods and services. Exporting is the shipment of goods or the rendering of services to a foreign buyer located in a foreign country． Every export entails an import, and vice versa. Section 1 Forms of International Business Exporting is generally divided into two types. Direct exporting is often done through foreign agents who work on commission, or by selling directly to foreign distributors. Indirect exporting is used by companies seeking to minimize their involvement abroad. There are several different types of indirect exporting: export trading companies, export agents, and export management company (EMC). Section 1 Forms of International Business Government Controls over Trade Tariffs are import duties or taxes imposed on goods entering the customs territory of a nation. Nontariff barriers are all barriers to importing or exporting other than tariffs. One form of nontariff barrier is the technical barrier to trade, or product standard． Another type is export control. Section 1 Forms of International Business Trade liberalization refers to the efforts of governments to reduce tariffs and nontariff barriers to trade. All WTO nations are entitled to normal trade relations with one another. This is referred t