基于数学模型的各种核反应堆功率控制与稳定性剖析.doc

摘 要 能源是社会和经济发展的基础，是人类生活和生产的要素。核能在人类生产和生活中的应用的主要形式是核电。由于核燃料资源丰富，运输和贮存方便，核电厂具有污染小、发电成本低等优点。从1954年前苏联建成第一座核电厂以来，核能发电得到很大发展。由于核电生产的特殊性，为了保证能源供应的安全性、可靠性，各国对核电控制技术进行了深入研究。但是，如今核电堆型众多，控制方法各异，需要对各种堆型进行统一的研究。 为了彻底剖析核反应堆控制方法，本文阐述了核反应堆堆芯的数学模型,并应用该模型建立传递函数,最终，给出仿真结果。同时对该模型分别进行了动态分析和稳定性分析。另外，通过分析整理文献资料，本文分别对压水堆、沸水堆、重水堆和快中子增殖堆分别控制方法进行分析。通过对各种堆型反应堆控制方法的研究，建立了各种控制方法的区别与联系，为以后的研究提供参考。 关键词： 核反应堆，功率控制，数学模型，稳定性分析 ABSTRACT Energy is a social and economic basis for the development of human life and production elements .The main form of application of nuclear power used in human life and production is nuclear electricity. Because nuclear fuel is rich in resources, transport and storage convenience, the nuclear power plant dose better in low pollution and low cost. The development of nuclear power generation become fast since the former Soviet Unions first nuclear power plant built in 1954. As the special nature of nuclear power production, in order to ensure the security of energy supply, reliability，many countries deeply conducted the control of nuclear power research. However, now, there are so many different nuclear power reactor types and control methods that need for a unified various reactor types. In order to thoroughly analyze nuclear reactor control, this paper expounds the math model of a nuclear reactor and applied this model to set up the transfer function. The simulation results and the dynamic and stability analysis of the model are also given. Through the analysis of literature, additionally, pressurized water reactor, boiling water reactor, heavy water reactors and fast neutron breeder reactor control method were analyzed. Outlined are some of connections of various reactor control method in this paper to provide reference for future research. KEY WORDS: nuclear reactor, power control, math model, stability analysis 目 录 摘 要 I ABSTRACT II 目 录 1 第一章 绪论 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 2 1.3 研究目的和任务 2 1.4 本章小结 3 第二章 核反应堆功率控制系统动态特性和数学模型 4 2.1 核反应堆原理介绍 4 2.2 核反应堆功