作物气孔阻力分布及其与环境因素的关系-农业工程学报.docVIP

·不同沟灌方式下玉米叶片气孔阻力差异研究 李彩霞，周新国，孙景生，李新强 （1中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 新乡 453002；2 河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站 摘要：气孔调节在作物适应不同水分环境中起着重要作用，为了阐明作物在不同沟灌措施下的气孔活动规律，在大田分区试验中研究了交替非充分供水与常规沟灌下玉米叶片气孔阻力差异及气孔对水汽传导的贡献。结果表明，在叶片尺度上，玉米叶片气孔阻力自叶基至叶尖处梯度递减；在群体上，叶片气孔阻力自上层向下层呈垂直递增趋势；群体上层叶片气孔阻力相对较小。玉米叶片正面气孔对CO2和水汽的传导贡献大于反面；除玉米苗期外，气孔对CO2和水汽传导贡献的80%以上来自于冠层上、中部叶片。在玉米营养生长阶段，不同叶序的叶片气孔阻力随叶龄的增大而增大，交替非充分供水加大了不同叶龄叶片之间的气孔阻力差异。在玉米生殖生长阶段，较为成熟的玉米叶片气孔阻力受叶龄的影响不明显。与常规沟灌比较，交替非充分供水增大了叶片反面与正面气孔阻力比值，冠层由上而下的叶片气孔阻力呈垂直梯度递增，引起气孔导度快速衰减，从而提高了群体上层气孔对水汽的传导贡献。因此，玉米气孔阻力大小受到沟灌方式和土壤水分状况的调控，还与叶龄、叶面积指数等环境因素及气孔自身特性有关，其研究对控制灌溉及SPAC系统水汽循环研究具有理论意义。 关键词：玉米；气孔阻力；水汽传导；交替非充分供水；常规沟灌 文章编号 中图分类号 S275.3 文献标识码 A Differences in leaf stomatal resistance of maize with different furrow irrigation methods Abstract: Stomatal regulation plays a pivotal role in the adaption of plants to different water conditions. In order to understand characteristics of stomatal resistance of crops with different irrigation methods, differences in leaf stomatal resistance and contribution of stomatal apertur to water vapor transfer were investigated with a field experiment conducted under alternative deficient water supply and under conventional furrow irrigation. Results indicated that at leaf scale, regardless of irrigation methods, the stomatal resistance of maize leaf decreased gradually from the primordium to the tip of the leaf. At population scale, the stomatal resistance of maize leaf increased gradually from canopy top to bottom on vertical grads. In time terms, diurnal variation of leaf stomatal resistance was of W shape. Diurnal and daily changes in leaf stomatal resistance in the upper canopy were relatively small. The upper surface of maize leaf contributed more to CO2 and water vapor transfer than the underside. Except seedling, the levies in the upper and middle part of maize canopy contributed more than 80% of the total value of CO2 and water vapor. Stomatal resistances of maize levies with different leaf arrangement decreased