TheAmericanRevolution1775—1783资料.pptVIP

Chapter 7 ：The American Revolution 1775—1783 1、 The colonies organize—the First Continental Congress 第一届大陆会议召开的背景： 英国政府于1774 年3—4 月，先后颁布了几项高压法令 （the Coercive Acts）主要内容为： 封锁波士顿港；取消马萨诸塞的自治权；英国官兵在殖民地犯罪者必须送往英国或其他殖民地审判，马萨诸塞司法当局无权过问；在波士顿市内驻扎英国军队; “Quebec Act”……这些在北美被称为“不可容忍的法令”（the Intolerable Acts）。 Colonial leaders organized to protect themselves from further British retaliation. 第一届大陆会议召开：1774.9 Philadelphia representatives from 12 of the 13 colonies the Congress sent the Declaration of Rights and Grievances to the king to urge him to correct the wrongs incurred by the colonists,but it did acknowledge the authority of Parliament to regulate colonial trade and commerce. The king and Parliament did not respond to the demands of the First Continental Congress, as doing so would have legitimized its claim to wield political power. 2、 The fight begins Shot of Lexington heard round the world，1775年4月，一支企图突袭民兵军火库的英军在波士顿附近的来克星顿同民兵交火。从此，北美殖民地人民争取独立的战争开始了。 Battle for Bunker Hil on June 17,1775. The king officially declared the colonies in rebellion, a proclamation that was tantamount to a declaration of war. The colonials saw the British movtive for war as one of annihilation. 英美力量对比 国 别 经 济 人 口 英 国 美 国 建制 装备 本土六七百万，连同殖民地 人口共3000万 老牌殖民国家 年轻国家 有强大舰队 军需品充足 不到300万 无海军 物资奇缺 军 事 At the start of the war, the odds were definitely in Englands favor. However, the colonists were able to take advantage of certain British weakness. The French step in—— This proved to be a turning point in the fight for independence and opened the doors for an American victory. 3、 The Second Continental Congress（ 第二次大陆会议） 1775,5，delegates from all 13 colonies ——established Continental Army and appointed George Washington as the head of the Continental Army ——drew up the Declaration of the Causes and Necessities of Taking Up Arms: urged British King a second time to consider colonial grievances and provided for the raising of a professional colonial force. A