不同灌溉量条件六种地被植物的耗水特性.pdf

摘 要 针对园林部门由于缺乏植物需水量数据，而造成的盲目、粗放式水分管理现状。 本文在五种不同灌溉量条件下对六种园林地被植物的蒸腾速率、土壤水分、蒸发散量、 生物量及水分利用效率进行了测定与分析。在积累植物需水量数据的同时，为城市园 林植物的选择与配置提供理论依据。主要研究结论如下: (1)鹅绒委陵菜、马蔺蒸腾速率呈“双峰型”日变化，其余四种植物均呈 “单峰 型”日变化。蒸腾速率与灌溉量、土壤含水量均呈正相关关系。六种植物蒸腾速率大 小为马蔺鹅绒委陵菜蒙古冰草紫羊茅大青山早熟禾八宝景天。 (2)蒸发散量随灌溉量的增加显著增加，土壤浅层灌溉相对深沉灌溉蒸发散量增 加幅度更大。 (3)灌溉量与生物量呈正相关关系。六种植物在五个灌水水平中，均在处理 III 下水分利用率最高，种间水分利用效率大小为八宝景天马蔺鹅绒委陵菜蒙古冰 草大青山早熟禾紫羊茅。通过综合分析，处理 III 为最佳灌溉量。 (4)2010 年 6～9 月间降水量为 248.4mm,根据反馈式灌溉原理六种植物 6～9 月 间所需灌溉总量分别为 ：蒙古冰草 (17mm) ，鹅绒委陵菜 (110.7mm) ，紫羊茅 (149.3mm)，八宝景天(151.52mm)，马蔺(154.8mm)，大青山早熟禾(193.1mm)。 (5)六种地被植物的抗旱性强弱依次为八宝景天蒙古冰草鹅绒委陵菜马蔺 紫羊茅大青山早熟禾。 关键词：地被植物；耗水特性；灌溉量 国家自然科学基金项目 Water Consumption Characteristics of The Six Ground Cover Plants Under Different Irrigation Abstract According to blind or vulgar water management situation caused by lack of plant water requirement data.Six garden cover plants were researched,transpiration rate,soil moisture,evapotranspiration,biomass and water use efficiency were examined and analyzed systematically under five irrigation conditions.This study accumulated the water requirement data,simultaneously provided theoretical basis theory for plant selection and configuration.The main research conclusions were as follows: (1)The Potentillaan serina 、Iris lactea var.chinensis showed the “double apexes type”;The remaining four kinds were the “single apex type”.The transpiration rate with the irrigation,they both were positively related,and the transpiration rate with the soil moisture content,they both were positively related.The sequence of transpiration rate from high to low was Iris lactea Pall. var.chinensis (Fisch) Koidz.Potentilla anserina L.Agropyron mongolicum Keng.Fe