OfferandCounteroffer..ppt

Offer and Counter-offer Main Contents Offer ---definition; firm offer (features, contents); non-firm offer; specimen and explanation(试样与解释); useful expression Counter-offer ---definition; specimen and explanation; useful expression Counter-counter-offer ---definition; specimen and explanation; useful expression What is an offer(发盘)? An offer of goods is a promise to supply or buy the goods on the terms and conditions stated by a seller or a buyer. An offer is a party’s manifestation of intention to enter into a contract with the other party, which shall comply with the following — Its terms are specific and definite; It indicates that upon acceptance by the offeree, the offeror will be bound thereby. 交易一方欲购买或出售某种商品而向对方提出交易条件，表示愿意按此达成交易的行为。通常由卖方提出，也可由买方提出（又称作递盘）。 有实盘和虚盘两种。实盘是发盘人承诺在一定期限内，受发盘内容约束，非经接盘人同意，不得撤回和变更；如接盘人在有效期限内表示接受，则交易达成，实盘内容即成为买卖合同的组成部分。一个完整的实盘应包括明确肯定的交易条件，如商品名称、规格、数量、价格、支付方式、装运期等，还应有实盘的有效期限并应明确发盘为实盘。 虚盘是发盘人有保留地表示愿意按一定条件达成交易，不受发盘内容约束，不作任何承诺，通常使用“须经我最后确认方有效”等语以示保留。 Offeror(发盘人) vs. offeree(受盘人) Selling offer(卖盘) ：“买盘”表示以比市价低的价格进行委托买入 vs. buying offer /bid(买盘/出价）：“买盘”表示以比市价高的价格进行委托买入 firm offer(实盘) vs. non-firm offer(虚盘) firm offer (with engagement) non-firm offer (without engagement) U1 Basic documents (1) Features of a firm offer ---Clear, definite, complete, final Leave no room of ambiguity or uncertainty, avoid the use of such words as “perhaps ”, ‘maybe’, ‘about’. --- Once accepted, it becomes a contractual obligation ---Should not withdraw a firm offer within its validity Contents of firm offer Name of commodities, quality and specification Details of prices, terms of trade, discounts and terms of payments Packing, date of delivery, port of shipment The period for which the offer is valid （有效期） (expressions like “firm offer” or “irrevocable” within/before…) Validity of a firm offer A firm offer should stipulate an expiry date（规定有效期限）. And the offeror is subject to obligation to the offer within validity. A firm offer is invalid in