Preparation and characterization of novolac phenol–formaldehyde resins with enzymatic hydrolysis lignin》.pdfVIP

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 54 (2015) 178–182 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers journal homepage: /locate/jtice Preparation and characterization of novolac phenol–formaldehyde resins with enzymatic hydrolysis lignin Zhou Jing, Hu Lihong, Liang Bingchuan, Bo Caiying, Jia Puyou, Zhou Yonghong∗ Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing 210042, China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) derived from bio-ethanol production is attracting increased attention for Received 24 November 2014 use as a substitute for petroleum-based phenol in phenolic resins. In this work, EHL was successfully liquefied Revised 17 March 2015 into small phenolic compounds catalyzed by oxalic acid in the presence of phenol. Experiments were designed Accepted 21 March 2015 to determine the effects of different replacement percentages of phenol by EHL on the residue content (RC) Available online 15 April 2015 and the combined phenol (CP). Up to a 55% weight of phenol was substituted by liquefied EHL to formulate Keywords: a novolac bio-based phenolic resin (EHL–PF). The differences between EHL and liquefied EHL, PF and EHL–PF EHL were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), 1H Ox