常用词论文：常用词词义扩大与缩小的认知语义研究.docVIP

常用词论文：常用词词义扩大与缩小的认知语义研究 【中文摘要】词义扩大与缩小的研究由来已久。王力、符淮青、苏新春和苏宝荣等语言学家都对这个问题进行过论述。张志毅、张庆云对《现代汉语词典》、郭锡良等编的《古代汉语》上、中册中关于词义演变12种类型进行定量分析,其统计数据表明词义缩小比扩大常见。这是目前关于汉语词义扩大与缩小关系的最直观、最理性的描述。对具有代表性的词语进行定量分析,并进行深入的描写与阐释,成为研究词义演变现象的一个新的研究方向。常用词是词汇系统的核心部分,我国学者早在20世纪二三十年代就对现代汉语中的常用字、常用词进行过研究。新中国建立以后,常用词的研究更加细致、科学,取得了很大的成绩。20世纪八九十年代,常用词的研究有了更大的成绩。近年来新兴的认知语言学提出认知心理因素可以说明常用词词义变化的内在机制和可能性。本文在定量研究的基础上,运用认知语言学的相关理论,如范畴理论、转喻隐喻理论重新审视词义的扩大与缩小,认为常用词词义的扩大与缩小都是一个范畴化的过程,进而形成语义范畴。隐喻机制从宏观角度构建了常用词词义扩大与缩小的语义范畴,而转喻机制则通过突显原则引发单个词例的扩大或缩小。常用词词义扩大和缩小之间存在扩大占优势的不对称性;而待定项的存在使这种不对称性只能是一种倾向,我们可以从认知角度寻找研究的突破口,对二者之间的比例关系进行更深入的考察。 【英文摘要】The research on widening and narrowing of word meaning has a long history. Wang Li, Fu Huaiqing, Su Xinchun and Su Baorong and other linguists have been discussed on this question. Zhang Zhiyi, Zhang Qingyun on《Modern Chinese Dictionary》, Guo Xiliang’s《Ancient Chinese》quantitative analysis the 12 type of semantic evolution, the statistical data show that the narrowing of word meaning is more common than the widening of word meaning. This is the most intuitive and rational description about the relationship of widening and narrowing of Chinese word meaning. quantitative analysis on word of representative and in-depth description and interpretation of meaning become a new research direction of the semantic evolution phenomenon.Common words are the core of word vocabulary system, scholars in our country has studied the common words since twenties and thirties in the 20th century. After New China was founded, more detailed and science studies of common words, and we made great achievements. The study of common words got more results in the nineties of 20th century.In recent years, the emerging cognitive point out cognitive psychology can explain the internal mechanism and possibility of common words meaning change. From the subjective view, based on the quantitative study, using the theory of cognitive linguistics, such as category theory, theory of metaphor and metonymy to re-examine th