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Chapter 10. Compressors 10-1) Main Types of Compressors Generally, the compressor can be classified into two basic types: positive displacement 容积式压缩机 In the positive-displacement compressor, a given quantity of vapor to be compressed is trapped in a compression chamber. The vapor is then compressed by mechanically reducing the volume of the chamber. The compression, rises the vapor pressure to a set value before discharge. roto-dynamic回转式压缩机ynamic compressors impart velocity energy to continuously flowing vapor by means of impellers rotating at very high speeds. The velocity energy is changed into pressure energy both by the impellers (叶轮)and the discharge volutes 涡壳or diffusers 扩压器 Fig.10-1 The classification of compressors 10-2) Reciprocating Compressors (1)The onstruction of Reciprocating Compressors Fig.10-2 Cutaway view of small two-cylinder reciprocating compressor[12] (2)Principle of Operation Fig.10-3 The compression cycle [13] Fig.10-4 Principle of operation of a reciprocating compressor (3) Clearance Space and Clearance Fraction余隙空间 与 余隙份额 (10-1) clearance volumetric efficiency is: = (10-2) (10-3) Fig. 10-5 Clearance and its effect on volumetric efficiency Adding to the numerator of the equation 10-2 gives (10-4) and Therefore (10-5) (4) Slugging of Liquid 液击 Great care should be taken to prevent excess liquid refrigerant from entering reciprocating compressors. When large quantities of liquid suddenly enter the compressor for a short period of time it is called slugging. The force at the end of the discharge stroke could easily break valves and even connecting rods if there is liquid slugging in the cylinder. (5) Open, Semi-hermetic and Hermetic Reciprocating Compressors Fig 10-6 A cutting view of the hermetic compressor [14] Fig 10-7 A cutting view of the semi-hermetic compressor [15] 10-3)
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