湘雅儿科精品课件-液体疗法Infantile Liquid Therapy.pptVIP

液体疗法 中南大学儿科学教研室 郭 青 小 儿 液体疗法Infantile Liquid Therapy 目的要求 Objective 了解小儿体液平衡的特点 Realized: Characteristic of Infantile Body Fluid Balance 熟悉小儿水、电解质和酸碱失衡的病理生理 Be familiar with: Pathophysiology of Infantile Fluid, Electrolyte Acid-base Imbalance 掌握小儿电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱的临床表现 Mastered: Clinical menifestations of Infantile Disturbances of Water, Electrolyte Acid-base Balance 熟悉液体疗法常用溶液的组成及临床应用 Be familiar with :Common Solution Component of Liquid Therapy 掌握小儿腹泻的液体疗法 Mastered: Liquid Therapy of Infantile Diarrhea * * 第四章第三节 目的要求 Objective 概述 Summary 小儿体液平衡的特点 Characteristic of Infantile Body Fluid Balance 水电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱 Disturbances of Water, Electrolyte, Acid-base balance 液体疗法时常用的溶液 Common Solution of Liquid Therapy 小儿腹泻液体疗法 Infantile Diarrhea Liquid Therapy 概述 Summary 体液是人体的重要组成部分，保持其生理平衡是维持生命的重要条件。体液中水、电解质、酸碱度、渗透压等的动态平衡依赖于神经、内分泌、肺，特别是肾脏等系统的正常调节功能，由于小儿的生理特点，这些系统的功能极易受疾病和外界环境的影响而失调，因此水、电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱在儿科临床中极为常见。 Body fluid is important component of human body and the physiological equilibrium of body fluid is an important factor for human living. The dynamic equilibrium of fluid, electrolyte, acid-base, osmotic pressure depends on normal regulating function of nerve, incretion, lung and kidney. Because of the infantile physiologic peculiarity, These systematic functions are easily affected by diseases and/or environment and are maladjusted. Therefore, the disturbances of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance is common in pediatric clinic. 小儿体液平衡的特点 一 体液的总量和分布 不同年龄的体液分布（占体重的％） ? 40～45 10～15 5 55～66 成人 40 20 5 66 2～14岁 40 25 5 70 1岁 35 37 6 78 足月新生儿 间质液 血浆 细胞内液 细胞外液 总量 年龄 Characteristic of Infantile Body Fluid Balance A. Total body water its distribution Body water compartments related to age (total body mass%) 40～45 10～15 5 55～66 Adult 40 20 5 66 2～14 years 40 25 5 70 1 year 35 37 6 78 Newborn infant ISF Plasma ICF ECF TBW Age TBW: total body water ECF: extracellular fluid ICF: intracel