字词因素对汉语初级阶段越南学生双音节复合词词义猜测能力的影响.pdfVIP

摘 要 本文选择汉语字词因素对初级越南学生在双音节复合词词义猜测过程中的影响为研 究目标，以理论分析和调查相结合的方式研究了越南学习者在无语境情况下遇到生词时有 怎样的猜测途径，字词因素对词义猜测成绩的影响大小如何。 本人以杨寄洲主编的《汉语教程》为参考教材，从第二册（上、下）选出由两个已 学过的汉字构成的双音节复合词；并确定下来有代表性的测试样本词做成调查表；对学习 者词义认知程度的调查采用了问卷调查法。 笔者研究认为： 1、越南学习者存在的词义猜测能力概括为两大理由：（1）汉语词汇具有系统性和 网络性；（2）汉语和越南语有许多相同点，是越南学习者的一个优势； 2、对越南学习者来说，从字义推测词义的途径是存在的，但这一途径很复杂所以不 能概括化和绝对化； 3、越南学习者对字音的掌握好于汉越音，汉越音好于字义，而反过来，对词义猜测 成绩影响最大却是字义，其次是汉越音，最后才是字音； 4、词频、构词方式以及字义组合类型对词义猜测的影响显著； 另外，从调查表的典型错例分析中，我们发现越南学习者词义猜测过程中所犯的错 误是因为相似字音、字形的干扰，汉字的一字多义现象、汉越音、字义组合等几个因素。 针对在越南词汇教学过程中所遇到的问题，我们从教材词汇编写以及课堂词汇教学 两个方面提出了自己的一些建议，主要是对教材编写的依据，提高词语的复现率，给生词 注上汉越音，加工字词相关的练习题，加强字义教学，使用对比法来讲解合成词词义，使 用语素扩展法和语素归纳法来增强字词练习，科学利用字词联系等等。 关键词：字词因素，越南学习者，双音节复合词，词义猜测能力 Abstract The purpose of this thesis was to research the influence of Chinese “character” and “word” factors on the ability of elementary students to guess the meaning of two-syllable words. We used analytical argument in combination with surveying to study the influence of Chinese “character” and “word” on the guessing ability of Vietnamese students when they have to guess the meaning of new Chinese words without context. We used the “Chinese Language Course Books” by Yang Jizhou as the reference course book, selected from the 3rd and 4th books the two-syllable words that student had learned; the words were then chosen to be used in the survey form; the survey forms were then delivered to students to study their guessing ability. Our study shows that: 1. The guessing ability of Vietnamese students is influenced by 2 major factors: (1) Chinese words are systematic and inter-related. (2) Chinese and Vietnamese words have a lot in common – that’s also the advantage of Vietnamese students when learning Chinese. 2. To Vietnamese students, the ability to guess the meaning of Chinese words exists; however, this is a very comple