江苏省东台市唐洋镇中学八年级英语下册《unit 3 online travel period 6 grammar b》学案无答案 牛津版.docVIP

《Unit 3 Online travel Period 6 Grammar B》学案 知识目标 A掌握并使用被动语态。 B熟悉并理解使用被动语态的语境。 能力目标 A熟悉用来引出动作执行者的单词by。 重点 四会内容 词汇：incorrectly, total, free, Mars, set 词组：a total of 句型：Activities for the Computer Club are organized by Mr Lin. 难点 三会内容 词汇：inch 教学过程 1.预习书后新单词和课本内容。 2.完成下面的预习题 一、根据句意、首字母或中文提示完成下列句子。 1.Millie doesn’t know how to open her ___________ (电子词典) 2. Let’s ___________ (重启) the computer, ok? 3. We should check the ___________ (设置) of the computer first. 4. Please _________ (连接)your computer to a telephone line. 5. P_________ the green button, then the machine will be turned on. Grammar 被动语态 Grammar passive voice (被动语态) 语态：动词的一种特殊形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 被动语态：主语和谓语之间为被动关系，即谓语动词是人的动作，但主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者。 被动语态的构成：助动词be　+　及物动词的过去分词done，　其中，人称、数和时态的变化通过be的变化表现出来。　现以build为例，如下表。 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The road is built by workers. 一般过去时 was/were + done The road was built by workers. 一般将来时 will/shall + be +done The road will be built by workers. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done The road is being built by workers. 现在完成时 have/has +been + done The road has been built by workers. 过去进行时 was/were + being + done The road was being built by workers. 情态动词 can/may/must + be + done The road must be built by workers. 不定式 to be done There are two more roads to be built 被动语态的用法： ▲ 不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。 e.g. Knives are used for cutting things.刀是用来切东西的。 Tom’s mother was saved.汤姆的妈妈得救了。 Is this coat made of cotton or wool?这件外衣是棉的还是羊毛的？ ▲ 强调动作的承受者，想指出动作的执行者，但执行者处于次要位置，用被动语态＋by + 动作执行者（宾格） e.g. That glass must be taken by my brother.那个杯子是被我弟弟拿走的。 The window was broken by Jack.窗子是杰克打破的。 The horse on the blackboard can’t be drawn by Lin Tao. 黑板上的那匹马不可能是林涛画的。 ▲出于礼貌措词等原因不愿说出动作的执行者。 e.g.You are invited to a party at eight tomorrow. 你被邀请参加明天8点的晚会。 You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你认真一点做。 Enough has been said here of this question. 关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。 ▲汉语中的“被、受、由”等词译成英语的常用语态 e.g. The house was washed away by the storm.房子被暴风雨冲走了。 The girl was pra