循环系统--组织学和胚胎学.pptVIP

医学课件 Heart: pump Artery: output Capillary: exchange Vein: input 1.1 Endocardium endothelium: continuous Subendothelium : DCT SMC Subendocardial layer:a deeperlayer CT ,branches Of impulse-conducting system. located in this layer. The valves of the heart structure Surface:folds of endocardium Core:DCT Functions Prevent retrograde. 1.2*Myocardium Cardiac muscle cells. Atrial myocardium: secret natriuretic hormone. Increase excretion of water、sodium ;dilate vessels reduce blood pressure. 1.3 Epicardium Plasma membrane： mesothelium LCT Visceral layer of pericardium. 2.General Structure of Blood Vessels tunica intima: Endothelium：a single layer of squamous epithelial cells basal lamina Subendothelial layer：LCT Internal elastic membrane 3. Arteries 3.1 large artery 1. Tunica intima Endothelial cells : rod-like inclusions, (WP bodies) Weibel-Palade bodies. Subendothelial layer： relative thicker. Internal elastic membrane : indistinct 2. Tunica media Fenestrated membrane -- 40 ~ 70 lamellae of elastin. Elastic artery SMC elastic fiber . External elastic membrane: indistinct 3. Tunica adventitia relative thinner, CT. large artery large artery 3.2 medium-sized artery Intima: Subendothelial layer： relative thinner. Internal elastic membrane : distinct Media: Smooth muscle cells -- most circularly oriented (10 ~ 40 layers), muscular artery Adventitia: Thickness is similar to media. External elastic membrane is distinct in the junction. 3.3 small artery arteriole small artery : diameter 0.3-1mm , Internal elastic membrane is distinct，several layers of circular SM in media, no External elastic membrane. Arteriole : diameter 0.3mm，with 1～2 layers of circular SM ，adventitia is thin. 4 capillaries 4.1 basic structure of capillary The wall is very thin. Diameter:6-8um. endothelium Basal lamina pericyte capillary capillary 4.2 continuous capillary 4.3 fenestrated capillary fenestrated capillary 5. microcirculation definition: arteri