新概念英语第四册第44课-Patterns of culture.pdf

新概念英语第四册第44课:Patternsofculture

Lesson44Patternsofculture文化的模式

Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.

听录音，然后答复以下问题。

Whatinfluencesusfromthemomentofbirth

Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofgreatmoment.

Theinnerworkingsofourwonbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyof

investigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehaviourat

itsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherway

around.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassof

detailedbehaviourmoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncanever

evolveinindividualactions,nomatterhowaberrant.Yetthatisa

rathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rate

importanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperience

andinbelief,andtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

风俗一般未被认为是什么重要的课题。我们觉得，只有我们大脑内部的活动情

况才值得研究，至于风俗呢，只是些司空见惯的行为而已。事实小，情况正好

相反。从世界范围来看，传统风俗是由许多细节性的习惯行为组成，它比任何

一个养成的行为都更加引人注目，不管个人行为多么异常。这只是问题的一个

次要的侧面。最重要的是，风俗在实践中和信仰上所起的举足轻重的作用，以

及它所表现出来的极其丰富多采的形式。

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristineeyes.Heseesitedited

byadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.

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Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthese

stereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstill

havereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhas

saidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthe

behaviouroftheindividual,asagainstanywayinwhichhecan

affecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotal

vocabularyofhismothertongueagainstthosewordsofhisownbaby

talkthataretakenupintothevernacularofhisfamily.Whenone

seriouslystudiesthesocialordersthathavehadtheopportunityto

developautonomously,thefigurebecomesnomorethananexactand

matter-of-factobservation.Thelifehistoryhandeddownin