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FIXEDINCOMESECURITIESLECTURE6BONDRISK债券风险(1)利率风险;(2)违约风险(信用风险);(3)通货膨胀风险;(4)提前偿还风险;(5)汇率风险;(6)流动性风险。DefaultRisk(1)DefaultRisk:Uncertaintythattherealizedreturnwilldeviatefromtheexpectedreturnbecausetheissuerwillfailtomeetthecontractualobligationsspecifiedintheindenture.Themajorconcernisfailuretomeetinterestandprincipalpayments.DefaultRisk:
Points(2)Mostinvestorsdonotdirectlyaccessabond’sdefaultrisk,butinsteadusethequalityratingsprovidedbyMoody’s,SP,andFetchtoevaluatethedegreeofrisk.AAA,AA,A,BBB,……,C,……DefaultRates:.12%peryearforallbondssinceWWII.1980s:3.27%peryearonjunkbonds.1990-1991:9%onjunkbondsDefaultRisk:
Points(3)SalomonBrothersandHutchStudies:Empiricalstudiesthatlookedattherelationbetweendefaultriskpremium(RP)andthestateoftheeconomy.DefaultRisk:
Points(4)JohnstonStudy:Studylookedattheyieldcurvesfordifferentqualitybonds.FoundthattheYCforlowerqualitybondstendedonaveragetobenegativelysloped.Reason:Greaterconcernovertherepaymentofprincipalonlowqualitybonds.DefaultRisk:
Points(5)McEnnally-BoardmanStudy:AppliedtheEvansandArchermethodologytobondportfoliosgroupedintermsoftheirqualityratings.Foundthatlowerqualitybondportfolioshadlessriskbecauseoftheirlowercorrelations.CallRisk(1)CallRisk:Uncertaintythattherealizedreturnwilldeviatefromtheexpectedreturnbecausetheissuercallsthebond,forcingtheinvestortoreinvestinamarketwithlowerrates.Note:Whenabondiscalledtheholderreceivesthecallprice(CP).SincetheCPusuallyexceedstheprincipal,thereturntheinvestorreceivesoverthecallperiodisoftengreaterthantheinitialYTM.Theinvestor,though,usuallyhastoreinvestinamarketwithlowerrateswhichoftencauseshisreturnfortheinvestmentperiodtobelessthantheinitialYTM.CallRis
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