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NBERWORKINGPAPERSERIES
TIMEUSE,COLLEGEATTAINMENT,ANDTHEWORKING-FROM-HOMEREVOLUTION
BenjaminW.Cowan
WorkingPaper31439
/papers/w31439
NATIONALBUREAUOFECONOMICRESEARCH
1050MassachusettsAvenue
Cambridge,MA02138
July2023
IthankKaironGarciaforherexcellentresearchassistanceonthispaper.IalsothankViratAgrawalandparticipantsatthe2023ASHEconAnnualConferenceforexcellentsuggestions.Nothingtodisclose.TheviewsexpressedhereinarethoseoftheauthoranddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch.
NBERworkingpapersarecirculatedfordiscussionandcommentpurposes.Theyhavenotbeenpeer-reviewedorbeensubjecttothereviewbytheNBERBoardofDirectorsthataccompaniesofficialNBERpublications.
?2023byBenjaminW.Cowan.Allrightsreserved.Shortsectionsoftext,nottoexceedtwoparagraphs,maybequotedwithoutexplicitpermissionprovidedthatfullcredit,including?notice,isgiventothesource.
TimeUse,CollegeAttainment,andTheWorking-from-HomeRevolution
BenjaminW.Cowan
NBERWorkingPaperNo.31439
July2023
JELNo.I12,I24,J22,J24,J32
ABSTRACT
Idemonstratethattheprofoundchangeinworkingfromhome(WFH)inthewakeoftheCOVID-19pandemicisconcentratedamongindividualswithcollegedegrees.Relativeto2015-19,thenumberofminutesworkedfromhomeonfall2021weekdaysincreasedbyover90minutesforcollegegraduates;fornon-graduates,itwas17minutes.Theshareofworkdoneathome(forthosewhoworkedatall)increasedby21%forgraduatesand6%fornon-graduates.Averageminutesworkedchangedlittleforeithergroup.Dailytimespenttraveling(e.g.,commuting)fellby24minutesforcollegegraduatesbutdidnotchangefornon-graduates.Iexaminehowtime-usepatternschangeforcollegegraduatesrelativetonon-graduatesoverthesameperiod.Preliminaryevidencesuggeststhattimespentwithchi
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