试论明初重典治国.docxVIP

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摘要

明初，社会凋敝，百废待兴。明太祖朱元璋推行“重典治国”政策，为后续明朝的统治奠定了基础。本文以明初“重典治国”思想与政策为研究对象，在对前人研究成果和相关史料分析的基础上，探究明初“重典治国”的思想基础、产生原因、法律、政策表现以及其对后世的影响，得出在“刑乱国用重典”、“明刑弼教”、“以法为教”、重刑为主，轻刑为辅等思想的影响下，对元朝覆灭教训的吸取、中国传统重刑主义影响以及君主个人经历等因素的综合作用下，“重典治国”政策应运而生，历经四个阶段，产生了《大明律》与明《大诰》等具有代表性的法律以及一系列具体政策表现。通过对法律、法规、政策的分析得出在其推行过程中产生的政策效果对于明代的发展弊大于利，且重刑主义倾向在当代仍时有发生，本文认为应警惕重刑主义倾向、“重典”反腐、重视法治氛围的建设、循序渐进地构建和谐社会。

关键词：重典治国法治反腐

Abstract

AtthebeginningoftheMingDynasty,thesocietywasdesolateandinruins.ZhuYuanzhang,EmperorTaizuoftheMingDynasty,carriedoutthepolicyofemphasizingtheruleofrules,whichlaidthefoundationforthesubsequentruleoftheMingDynasty.ThispapertakesthethoughtandpolicyofemphasizingrulesandregulationsintheearlyMingDynastyastheresearchobject.Basedontheanalysisofpreviousresearchresultsandrelevanthistoricalmaterials,thispaperexplorestheideologicalbasis,causes,legalandpolicyperformanceofemphasizingrulesandregulationsintheearlyMingDynastyaswellasitsinfluenceonthelatergenerations.Itconcludesthatemphasizingrulesandregulationsinacountryinchaos,promotingeducationthroughpunishmentinMingDynasty,teachingthroughlawinlaw,andheavypunishmentasthemainpunishment.Undertheinfluenceofthethoughtsoflightpunishmentasasupplement,thelessonslearnedfromthefalloftheYuanDynasty,theinfluenceoftraditionalChinesedoctrineofheavypunishment,themonarchspersonalexperienceandotherfactors,thepolicyofrulingthecountrywithheavyrulescameintobeing.Afterfourstages,representativelawssuchasDaMingLawandDaGaoandaseriesofspecificpolicieswereproduced.Throughtheanalysisoflaws,regulationsandpolicies,itisconcludedthatthepolicyeffectproducedintheprocessofitsimplementationdoesmoreharmthangoodtothedevelopmentofMingDynasty,andthetendencyofheavypunishmentstilloccursincontemporarytimes.Thispape