[英语考试]英语词汇学第八章重点课件.pptxVIP

English Lexicology 8 1 Chapter 8 meaning and context • In this chapter, you will learn: • 1. types of context 语境的类型 • 2.the role of context 语境的作用 • The relationship between meaning and context and the way in which context affects the meaning of words. 2 As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context. 3 • Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influenced immediately by the linguistic context, and in many cases by the whole speech situation as well. 4 8.1 types of context • In a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. • This is known as linguistic context , which may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the entire book. • In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is called extra-linguistic or non-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background. 5 8.1.1 extra-linguistic context • The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire culture background. 6 Eg. • trade union: ---an organization of workers in western countries ----an organization of masses under the leadship of the party in China • Landlord: ----someone who owned a lot of land and collected money by renting land without working in Chinese culture -----someone who rents the house for money in western countries 7 8.1.2 linguistic context 语言语境 • Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and grammatical context. 词汇语境 语法语境 8 Lexical Context 词汇语境 • Lexical Context – refers to the words that occur together with the word in question. The meaning of the word is often affected and defined by the neighboring word. [‘neibəriŋ]邻近的 9 Eg. • Paper: ---today’s paper (newspaper) ---examination paper (a set of questions used as an examination) • Do: ---do a sum (w