英语主谓一致的用法.pdfVIP

英语主谓一致的用法 摘要：本文介绍了英语主谓一致的概念和原则，以及一些常见的特殊情况和注意事项。主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称和 数上要保持一致。一般情况下，主谓一致关系由语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则支配。本文通过举例和表格的形式， 帮助读者理解和掌握主谓一致的用法。 1. 语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致。主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复 数。例如： He likes playing basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。 They like playing basketball. 他们喜欢打篮球。 根据这个原则，有以下几种特殊情况需要注意： 1.1 不可数名词、动名词、不定式或从句作主语 当主语是不可数名词、动名词、不定式或从句的时候，谓语动词用单数。例如： Water is important for life. 水对生命很重要。 Swimming is good for health. 游泳有益于健康。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 What he said is true. 他说的是真的。 1.2 and连接的并列主语 当用and连接的两个或多个单数名词作并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： Tom and Jerry are good friends. 汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。 China and India are both developing countries. 中国和印度都是发展中国家。 但是，如果并列主语指的是同一个人或物，或者表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词用单数。这时，and后面的名词通常没有冠词。 例如： The singer and songwriter is dead. 这个歌手兼作曲家死了。 Bread and butter is a simple breakfast. 面包加黄油是简单的早餐。 另外，如果由and连接的两个或多个主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no等修饰词，谓语动词也用单数。例如： Each boy and girl in the class works very hard. 班上每个男孩和女孩都很努力。 No man and woman is perfect. 没有一个男人和女人是完美的。 1.3 with, along with, together with等引导的短语 当主语是单数，后面跟有with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, but, except, no less than, rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to等引导的短语时，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词则用复数。例如： Jack with his family wants to go to China. 杰克和他的家人想去中国。 He, as well as you, is very honest. 他和你一样非常诚实。 No one but I is a student. 只有我一个是学生。 The students in addition to the teacher are going on a trip. 学生们和老师一起去旅行。 1.4 some, any, no, every构成的复合代词 当some, any, no, every构成的复合代词（如someone, anything, nobody, everything等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如： Someone is knocking at the door. 有人在敲门。 Nothing is impossible. 没有什么是不可能的。 Everything is ready. 一切都准备好了。 1.5 both, few, a few, several, many等修饰的主语 当both, few, a few, several, many等词修饰主语或自身作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： Both books are sold out. 两本书都卖完了。 Few people know the truth. 很少有人知道真相。 Several friends were invited to the party. 几个朋