东北农业大学《管理学》课件-第8章Foundation of Planning.pptVIP

Exhibit 8-4:Well-Written Goals Steps in Goal Setting Review the organization’s mission statement. Do goals reflect the mission? Evaluate available resources. Are resources sufficient to accomplish the mission? Determine goals individually or with others. Are goals specific, measurable, and timely? Steps in Goal Setting Write down the goals and communicate them. Is everybody on the same page? Review results and whether goals are being met. What changes are needed in mission, resources, or goals? * * * * * * * Foundation of Planning Chapter8 东北农业大学《管理学》 Define the nature and purpose of planning Classify the types of goals organizations might have and the plans they use Compare and contrast approaches to goal-setting and planning Discuss contemporary issues in planning What Is Planning? Planning - a primary managerial activity that involves: Defining the organization’s goals Establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals Developing plans for organizational work activities Formal Planning 正式计划 Formal planning Specific goals covering a specific time period Written and shared with organizational members Why Do Managers Plan? Purposes of Planning Provides direction Reduces uncertainty Minimizes waste and redundancy Sets the standards for controlling Planning and Performance Formal planning is associated with: Higher profits and returns on assets Positive financial results The quality of planning and implementation affects performance more than the extent of planning The external environment can reduce the impact of planning on performance Elements of Planning Goals (also Objectives) Desired outcomes for individuals, groups, or entire organizations Provide direction and evaluation performance criteria Plans Documents that outline how goals are to be accomplished Describe how resources are to be allocated and establish activity schedules Types of Goals 目标的类型 Financial Goals财务目标 - related to the expected internal financial performance of the organization